When randomization is not possible, quasi-experimental designs offer rigorous alternatives for evaluating impact. This brief explores three widely used methods: Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), Interrupted Time Series (ITS), and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). 

You could refer to the first guiding brief titled: Foundations of Impact Evaluation for more details and background.

This brief is part of a series of five brief guides produced by the Queen Rania Foundation, based on materials developed by Prof. Howard White (presenting  the Research and Evaluation Center (REC)) for the training course titled “Impact Evaluation: Methods, Advocacy, and Scalability”. The training was funded by the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF), the BHP Foundation, and the Queen Rania Foundation.